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The Montenegrin passport (Montenegrin: ''pasoš'', пасош) is the primary document of international travel issued by Montenegro. The passport is issued by the Ministry of Interior or, if the citizen resides abroad, at the embassy. Besides serving as proof of identity and of citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Montenegrin consular officials abroad, if needed. Citizens can not have multiple passports at the same time, unless they are of different category. ==History== The first passports issued in Montenegro are from the 18th century, by Prince-Bishop Vasilije III Petrović-Njegoš. After Vasilije ethnicity was never a part of Montenegrin passports again. During the reign of Prince-Bishop Petar I Petrović-Njegoš, a special document known as "Passport" ((セルビア語:Пашепорт)) was granted to the citizens who wanted to wanted extraordinarily to visit foreign countries. During the reign of Prince-Bishop Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, he was granting a special Montenegrin Bill of Passage. From then on, next to every user of the bill and subsequent passports, "Montenegrin" was added, relating to the country of his or her birth. It also introduced the notification from which clan is the individual. Later, Njegos formally instituted as the official name "Montenegrin Passport".〔http://www.njegos.org/passports/pasos1.jpg〕 A component part of it was the Seal of the Cetinje Metropolitanate's Righteous Soviet, a bicephalic white eagle with spread out wings, an Eastern Orthodox cross between his heads and a passing lion beneath it, altogether on red background. With the secularization of Montenegro as a formal Princedom under Prince Danilo I Petrovic-Njegos, religious affiliation and even physical description of the passport holder were introduced as of the mid 19th century, in attempt to prevent fraud.〔http://www.njegos.org/passports/pasos3.jpg〕 The Seal was replaced with Danil's Coat of Arms, the lion was moved onto a red shield on the eagle's chest, while an Imperial crown was added . The passports issued by Nikola I Petrovic-Njegos were significantly changed in appearance, also losing any reference to nationality.〔http://www.njegos.org/passports/pasos4.jpg〕 The same were the unrecognized passports published by the Montenegrin Government in Exile in 1919, after the country's annexation by Serbia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, passports were issued in order with the "''Law on Travel Documents of Yugoslav Nationals''" which came into force on 26 July 1996, although the country came into existence in 1992. They were navy blue in color and have two inscriptions in golden letters - ''Савезна Република Југославија'' (''Federal Republic of Yugoslavia'') at the top and the word ''passport'' written in three languages: Serbian (Cyrillic script), English and French at the bottom divided by the coat of arms. Following the restructuring of the FRY into the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, passports with the new name were not issued due to the expected breakup of the union, which eventually happened in 2006. Following Montenegro's independence, citizens of Montenegro used the same travel document as Serbia until 2008, the only difference being in issuing authority, in this case the Ministry of Interior of Montenegro. On 30 November 2006, the Government adopted the ''Memorandum of Agreement between the Republic of Montenegro and the Republic of Serbia on Consular Protection and Services to the Citizens of Montenegro''. By this agreement, Serbia, through its network of diplomatic and consular missions, provides consular services to the Montenegrin citizens on the territory of states in which Montenegro has no missions of its own. On 1 January 2010, the Government officially invalidated all non-biometric Montenegrin passports, even if the expiry date was beyond 1 January 2010. Because non-biometric Montenegrin passports were no longer considered valid travel documents from that date onwards, holders were obliged to apply for new biometric Montenegrin passports in order to travel.〔(INVALIDATED PASSPORTS, EFFECTIVE 1 JANUARY 2010 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Montenegrin passport」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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